Jeff Koons Free Essays

Craftsman Research Assignment: Jeff Koons Jeff Koons was conceived in 1955 in York, Pennsylvania. When Koons was 7 years of age, his folks put him in workmanship exercises. In 1972 to 1975, he enlisted at Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore, Maryland. We will compose a custom article test on Jeff Koons or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now In 1975, he went to the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois where he read there for just 1 year. At that point in 1976, he returned to Maryland College of Art in Baltimore, Maryland where he got his B. F. A. Jeff Koons has 4 children with his better half Justine Wheeler-Koons, who is additionally a craftsman. He had one little girl named Shannon who as a newborn child was set up for selection yet in the mid-1990s, they restored a relationship together. A significant number of Koons works have sold for many dollars. A portion of his significant display shows remember the Museum of Contemporary Art for Chicago (1988), Walker Art Center in Minneapolis (1993), Deutsche Guggenheim in Berlin (2000), Kunsthaus Bregenz (2001), the Museo archeologico nazionale di Napoli (2003), the Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, Oslo (2004), and the Helsinki City Art Museum (2005). Jeff Koons has gotten various honors and praises in acknowledgment of his social accomplishments, and fine arts. (â€Å"Koons, Jeff. † Art Full Text Biographies. Distributer of Original Publication: The H. W. Wilson Company, 2009. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. ) â€Å"I get all my motivation from this present reality, so I’m substantially more associated with simply strolling down the street†¦. also, discovering what’s going on the planet at that point to take a gander at another person’s translation. † Jeff Koons, Flash Art, Summer 1997. (Brettell, Richard R. Present day Art, 1851-1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. ). In view of the statement, he gets his thoughts from objects around him that he sees and from that point he builds up a fine art. Jeff Koons utilizes modest, expendable articles, for example, expands or even adornments, and with the materials he makes a huge landmark. (Doney, Malcolm, and Meryl Doney. The Oxford Children’s beginning to end of Art. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. ). Jeff Koons work of art requests to me since its extraordinary and exceptional. I like the way that he takes modest items that he finds and uses them to make these brilliant craftsmanship pieces. At the point when I was taking a gander at Jeff Koons fine arts, I recalled our instructional exercise conversations/discusses where we were contending back nd forward about what is craftsmanship and what isn't workmanship. Numerous individuals accept that Jeff Koons fine art isn't viewed as workmanship, anyway I accept that his fine arts are viewed as craftsmanship since its his own creation and it is anothe r benevolent craftsmanship that we have not seen a lot of. From our talk, Professor Brandon Vickerd spoke somewhat about Jeff Koons, and he expressed that â€Å"Some individuals would see his work as spearheading and of significant workmanship chronicled significance, while others see his work as kitsch: vulgar and dependent on negative self-marketing. † (Taken from PowerPoint). By investigating this craftsman, I found that fundamentally anything could be viewed as workmanship as long as you make it your own, unique and make it look intriguing. Works Cited Scholarly Source: â€Å"Koons, Jeff. † Art Full Text Biographies. Distributer of Original Publication: The H. W. Wilson Company, 2009. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. Books: Brettell, Richard R. Present day Art, 1851-1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. Doney, Malcolm, and Meryl Doney. The Oxford Children’s a to z of Art. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. Pictures: â€Å"Jeff Koons. † Jeff Koons. N. p. , n. d. Web. 6 Oct. 2012. http://www. jeffkoons. com/site/record. html. Explained Bibliography (â€Å"Koons, Jeff. † Art Full Text Biographies. Distributer of Original Publication: The H. W. Wilson Company, 2009. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. ) This source contains data about Jeff Koons life, vocation, works of art, shows, and other fascinating realities. It is significant f or my exploration since it gave me a superior comprehension about Jeff Koons, and all the significant occasions that occurred for an incredible duration. (Brettell, Richard R. Present day Art, 1851-1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. ) This source contains a statement that Jeff Koons said. It is significant for my examination on the grounds that Jeff Koons reveal to us where he gets his motivation for his fine art. (Doney, Malcolm, and Meryl Doney. The Oxford Children’s start to finish of Art. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. ) This source contains data about Jeff Koons craftsmanship. It is significant for my examination since it gave me a superior comprehension about the medium that Jeff Koons uses to make his craftsmanship. (â€Å"Jeff Koons. † Jeff Koons. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. jeffkoons. com/site/file. html. This source contains data and pictures about Jeff Koons most well known craftsmanships. It is significant for my examination since it gave me pictures and a depiction about the works of art. Two of Jeff Koons most well known craftsmanships Jeff Koons is most popular for his alleged dull and neglectful works, which have included four-story-tall botanical figures (P uppy) and huge chromium tempered steel swell creatures (Rabbit). ? This is Jeff Koons Sculpture called Puppy, which is made in an assortment of blossoms and its around 13 meters high (486 x 486 x 256 inches/1234. 4 x 1234. 4 x 650. 2 cm). This fine art was shown in Sydney, Australia at the Museum of Contemporary Art on December 12, 1995 to March 17, 1996. (â€Å"Jeff Koons. † Jeff Koons. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. jeffkoons. com/site/file. html. ) ? In 1989, Jeff Koons made one of his most well known fine arts, which he called Rabbit (41 x 19 x 12 inches/104. 1 x 48. 3 x 30. 5 cm). He took a previously made inflatable hare, and shrouded it in a profoundly cleaned tempered steel shading. The Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago presently possesses this piece. (â€Å"Jeff Koons. † Jeff Koons. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. jeffkoons. com/site/list. html. ) Step by step instructions to refer to Jeff Koons, Essay models

The Efficiency-Wage Theory in Economics

The Efficiency-Wage Theory in Economics One of the clarifications for basic joblessness is that, in certain business sectors, compensation are set over the balance wage that would bring the flexibly of and interest for work into balance. While the facts demonstrate that worker's guilds, just as the lowest pay permitted by law laws and different guidelines, add to this marvel, it is likewise the situation that wages might be set over their balance level deliberately so as to expand laborer profitability. This hypothesis is alluded to as the effectiveness wage hypothesis, and there are various reasons that organizations may think that its beneficial to carry on thusly. Decreased Worker Turnover As a rule, laborers dont show up at a new position knowing all that they have to think about the particular work included, how to work successfully inside the association, etc. In this way, firms invest a considerable amount of energy and cash raising new representatives to an acceptable level with the goal that they can be completely beneficial at their employments. Moreover, firms spend a great deal of cash on selecting and recruiting new specialists. Lower laborer turnover prompts a decrease in the expenses related with selecting, employing, and preparing, so it very well may be justified, despite all the trouble for firms to offer motivations that lessen turnover. Paying specialists more than the harmony wage for their work advertise implies that it is progressively hard for laborers to discover equal compensation on the off chance that they decide to leave their present employments. This, combined with the way that its additionally less appealing to leave the work power or switch ventures when wages are higher, infers that higher than balance (or option) compensation give representatives a motivation to remain with the organization that is treating them well monetarily. Expanded Worker Quality Higher than balance wages can likewise bring about expanded nature of the laborers that an organization decides to employ. Expanded laborer quality comes through two pathways: first, higher wages increment the general quality and capacity level of the pool of candidates for the activity and help to win the most capable specialists from contenders. (Higher wages increment quality under the suspicion that better quality laborers have better outside circumstances that they pick rather.) ​ Second, better paid specialists can deal with themselves better regarding nourishment, rest, stress, etc. The advantages of better personal satisfaction are regularly imparted to managers since more advantageous representatives are normally more profitable than unfortunate workers. (Fortunately, laborer wellbeing is getting to a lesser degree a pertinent issue for firms in created nations.) Specialist Effort The last bit of the proficiency wage hypothesis is that laborers apply more exertion (and are henceforth progressively profitable) when they are paid a higher pay. Once more, this impact is acknowledged in two distinct manners: first, on the off chance that a laborer has a surprisingly decent arrangement with her present manager, at that point the drawback of getting terminated is bigger than it would be if the specialist could simply get together and find a generally comparable line of work elsewhere. In the event that the drawback of getting terminated if progressively serious, an objective specialist will work more earnestly to guarantee that she doesnt get terminated. Second, there are mental reasons why a higher compensation may instigate effortâ since individuals will in general lean toward buckling down for individuals and associations that recognize their value and react in kind.

When Should Companies Split An Analysis of Ebay and Paypal Split

When Should Companies Split An Analysis of Ebay and Paypal Split Every day, there seems to be a constant stream of companies opening their doors and businesses jumpstarting their operations. This does not come as a surprise, as people are always coming up with business ideas and will go to great lengths to get these ideas implemented and take shape. In the thriving and competitive world of business, it is also common to hear talks about mergers and acquisitions, as well as expansions and bankruptcies. Businesses acquiring other businesses and companies joining forces with other similar companies seem to be the norm, especially for those that are eyeing growth and further development.Just as you will hear a lot of businesses merging and joining forces, there are also businesses that take the other route: they split. This is often seen in the case of giant corporations and very large companies. © Shutterstock.com | ByEmoThis article provides insights about 1) reasons for company splits, 2) when should a company be split, 3) the eBay and PayPal split.REASONS FOR COMPANY SPLITSWe can probably enumerate more than a dozen reasons why this or that company should split. However, there are three main reasons why companies decide to break off in half, or in various pieces.1.     To improve organizational focus and strengthen managementOften, in the case of large companies that have complex structures, there is a great possibility of the structure becoming convoluted and messy. A company split is performed in order to clean it up.Take, for example, the case of the information technology giant Hewlett Packard. Its organizational structure is comprised of several groups or divisions, such as the IPG or the Imaging and Printing Group (for imaging and printing systems, products and technology), the PSG or the Personal Systems Group (for personal computers), the EB or the Enterprise Bus iness (which includes HP Technology Services and various Enterprise Security Services), and the HP Software Division, to name a few.On October 6, 2014, HP announced its plans of a company split, separating the enterprise or corporate products and services business from the personal computer and printer business. The result would be two companies: HP Inc, which will focus on the consumer-facing hardware, such as printers, personal computers, and the like, and HP Enterprise, which will be devoted to the enterprise-focused products and services. The targeted completion date of the split is October 2015.Analysts reflect that the organizational mess that spurred HP to decide on a company split can be blamed on the fact that it dipped its fingers on too many pies at once. It already has quite an extensive and diverse product mix, and that is already one cause of confusion, but then it started to go after corporate clients, as well as homeowners and other direct consumers. In short, its at tention was now divided and focusing on one thing at a time is going to be difficult.The company split will then allow HP to remind management about what is truly important for them. The respective management of the two companies will then be able to focus on their businesses, without being affected by the other.2.     To maximize shareholder valueIn the case of the upcoming HP split, the stakes of the shareholders of the original single company will be divided equally between HP Inc and HP Enterprise.Keep in mind that shareholders are more concerned about cash flow and getting a return on their investments in the business. Naturally, the growth of a business will mean higher returns for them. Therefore, they would appreciate seeing a company take aggressive measures in order to achieve that growth, especially if the company is clearly being held back from doing so.A company split will help accelerate growth, especially if one business manages to separate itself from a company that cannot seem to keep up. In the case of HP, it turned out that the consumer-facing PC and printer segment became so huge, accounting for around half of the revenue of the entire company. The other segments seem to be lagging behind in comparison, so shareholders were likely feeling a bit antsy since the synergy is no longer there. They are no longer benefiting from each other, and so shareholders see that their investments are not being maximized.By making the split, both of the two separated companies will be more focused. HP Inc can grow freely, and HP Enterprises can also implement its strategies for growth. Each company can now pursue their growth strategies independently and make their investment decisions.3.     To optimize investmentsShared ownership can hamper segments from making investment optimizations decisions. They cannot freely decide on how to allocate investment dollars for their strategies, divisions, and projects without first having to confer with the other segmen t. In a complex structure such as HP, there tends to be a hierarchy or prioritization, and if the segment is slightly low on the priority list, they will not be able to allocate investments properly and efficiently.Once the split has been closed, HP Inc and HP Enterprises can now separately channel their respective investment dollars to the right areas of the business.WHEN SHOULD A COMPANY BE SPLIT?When it comes to company splits, timing is also very crucial. Just as there is a right time to start a business or to think about merging it with another, there is also a right time to effect a split. Here are the tell-tale signs that a company should consider splitting up.When one segment of the business is relying on another segment for its survival. When it is clear that one segment is already suffering because it is used to “feed” the other segment, it is time to think about making a permanent separation. If you do not act accordingly, the non-performing segment may just drag the other performing segment.When the business, as a whole, cannot keep up with the growth and advancements in the market and industry it belongs to. This is often seen in the case of tech companies. Technological innovations keep on springing left and right, and it is possible that a segment of the business may be able to keep up while the other segment could not. Split the segments into two businesses instead so the slow-growing business segment can better focus on its own “backyard”.When the investors of the business have different preferences. One group may prefer that the business take aggressive steps towards growth and gaining a bigger chunk of the market. On the other hand, another group may be content with the way things are going, provided the business is getting a steady income and growing steadily, albeit slowly. These difference in opinion may be a reason to consider going for a split.THE EBAY AND PAYPAL SPLITThe separation of Ebay and Paypal is one of the hottest news to hit the business front in recent years.BackgroundPaypal, the worldwide online payments system and currently one of the largest internet payment companies in the world, was established in 1998 but became an eBay subsidiary when the e-commerce giant acquired it in 2002. It was considered to be a match made in heaven, as Paypal became the default payment method used by most eBay users, accounting for over 70% of all eBay auctions.Paypal has shown an impressive growth rate in the following decade, most notable of which are its acquisition of the VeriSign payment solution, its partnership with MasterCard, the enhancement of its fraud management systems through the purchase of the startup Fraud Sciences, and its acquisition of another online payments company called Bill Me Later. Most recently, Paypal also became partners with Discover Card and also acquired engagement software developer IronPearl and the payment gateway BrainTree. It became even bigger when it decided to move offline, allowing customers to make Paypal payments in stores, and not just online.In the beginning, Paypal greatly relied on eBay transactions for the volume of payments made through its system. However, as the years passed and Paypal became more proactive, it was able to get payments through and from channels other than eBay. Case in point: almost 50% of payments processed by Paypal were through eBay auctions back in 2009. In 2014, that figure was down to barely 30%. It is also earning huge margins and is even expected to exceed half of the total earnings of eBay in several years. eBay CEO John Donahoe even predicted that, come 2018, only 15% of Paypal’s annual revenues will come from eBay, with the remaining 85% coming from other sources.These recent developments have certainly placed Paypal in a very good position. In fact, it can be clearly seen that Paypal no longer needs eBay to sustain itself.Reason for the Ebay Paypal SplitThere were many speculations on why Paypal has decided t o go its way now, separate from eBay. Some said several investors were already itching for the online payments company to go independent because it is already “wasted inside eBay”. Others said that the competition with Apple and other online payment startups call for a more aggressive stance in claiming its exclusive market share.Those are valid points, and perhaps they hold more than a little water. However, the primary reason for the split is clearly the fact that Paypal can already stand solidly on its own two feet, and it will be able to take greater strides on its own, unhindered by management from eBay.Together, eBay and Paypal have proven to be a strong business. Separately, they will be even stronger. Both companies agree that the synergy â€" and its benefits â€" to the two segments are dwindling or declining. By splitting, the two entities will still be able to co-exist via arm’s length transactions, where they will benefit even more than when they were under one umbr ella.In the statement released by Donahoe regarding the impending split, he also acknowledged how the market and industry landscape has been evolving and becoming more challenging. Businesses are presented with more opportunities that they can take advantage of. The split, he says, will unlock shareholder value, seeing as it can be more aggressive in how it attacks the market and further deepens its hold.The future for both companiesAfter the split, Paypal will now be a publicly held company, separate from its former parent company, eBay. Dan Schulman, formerly of American Express, was named as President of Paypal while current President of eBay Marketplaces, Devin Wenig, will become the new CEO of eBay.Whether the split turns out to be a good idea or a bad one is yet to be seen. However, the figures are good for both companies, and they are expected to be even better. Clearly, the split has been thought through, and the efforts made to ensure the transition is as smooth as possible are obvious.It was a good idea for the two companies to decide to remain friends after the split. They even signed an agreement that prohibits them from competing against each other with respect to their core businesses. Ebay will not establish its payments system while Paypal cannot set up its marketplace to rival eBay. Both parties, however, are not prohibited from working with other external direct competitors. For example, Paypal can provide its payment systems service to other marketplaces for physical goods while eBay can employ other online payment companies for its transactions.In the event, however, that Paypal will be acquired by another e-commerce company (a rival of eBay), this would give eBay the go-ahead to build its own payments system, but only after giving a 15- to 20-month notice in advance to Paypal.Analysts say that, in the long term, the split will eventually make the two companies targets for acquisition by larger rivals. In the case of eBay, a possible acquir er is the Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba. Meanwhile, competition in the payments space is becoming even stiffer, especially with the recent entry of Apple Pay into the fray.The separation, however, could be seen as a good time for Paypal and eBay to focus on their core businesses: eBay on its marketplace business and Paypal on its payments system. While it is true that the spin-off does not, in any way, affect the ever-increasing rate of competitors springing up left and right, it will, however, put them in a better position to face down these threats separately.